Human rights progress is often assumed based on observable indicators like GDP or HDI.

This study challenges that assumption by examining how latent variable models—commonly used to measure human rights—can be validated.

We analyze the statistical approaches and data limitations involved, finding that while these models suggest improvement, their validity depends on carefully selected indicators.

Data & Methods: Using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques allows us to assess which observable indicators best capture underlying latent conditions of human rights.

Key Findings: Our analysis reveals that indicator selection significantly impacts the perceived trajectory of human rights.

Why It Matters: This research provides clearer standards for evaluating human rights using statistical methods, helping scholars and policymakers better understand global trends.