New research examines the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation by German MPs.

The Question: Do MPs who share identity traits with disadvantaged groups actually represent those groups' interests in policy decisions?

Researchers find that while these MPs initially focus on representing their respective disadvantaged group (women, migrants, low social class, youth), this attention typically wanes as they advance in their careers.

Why This Matters: Early career representation serves to build credibility, but later legislative priorities shift away from specific identity-based interests.

Using unique data combining biographical info with parliamentary question coding from 1998-2013, the analysis reveals a significant gap between descriptive and actual substantive representation over time.

This finding suggests that enhancing diversity in legislatures alone may not guarantee effective advocacy for disadvantaged groups.