Non-Western powers are increasingly dissatisfied with the established international order.

New Findings:

• Rising powers (like BRICS and IBSA nations) feel underrepresented in global politics despite economic growth.

• They perceive their position in the international hierarchy as inadequate, driving frustration with current norms.

Contrarian Viewpoint:

Existing theories suggest rising powers accept Western-centric globalization. Our research shows otherwise: they're actively forming coalitions against established powers to increase influence.

Methodology & Data:

• UN voting records analyzed from 1992-2011 using spatial modeling techniques.

• These methods reveal distinct voting blocs aligned with rising power interests, challenging the notion of Western socialization.

This analysis demonstrates how economic rise doesn't automatically translate to norm acceptance.