New research suggests immigration affects public support for social redistribution differently depending on whether programs are universal or means-tested. This study employs survey experiments to demonstrate that while universal welfare mitigates negative perceptions of immigrants, targeted benefits increase hostility among natives.

Survey Experiment Design: The authors utilized randomized surveys with participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds in [Country/Countries Mentioned in Original Abstract if any]. Respondents were randomly exposed to different policy descriptions regarding immigration impact and selection criteria for aid.

Key Findings: Immigration concerns appear amplified by means-tested programs, which trigger identity politics among natives. Universal benefits, however, neutralize these concerns across all income groups.

Implications & Context: This research challenges previous contradictory findings about immigration's welfare-state effects. It shows policymakers how institutional design shapes public opinion on social spending during demographic change.