In Japan's mixed electoral system, a conjoint survey experiment investigates voters' preferences for politicians' personal attributes.

Context: Using data from Japan's electorates and its unique bicameral, mixed-member system.

Contrary to expectations, voter preferences for traits like charisma or integrity are surprisingly stable across different simulated electoral contexts. This stability stands in sharp contrast to the observed variation in these very same attributes among politicians themselves. The findings suggest that representation is not solely shaped by voters' 'sincere' political leanings but may be significantly influenced by external factors.

Why It Matters: These results highlight a potential disconnect between democratic ideals and electoral reality, challenging assumptions about how personal qualities affect political outcomes in Japan.