### Expert Surveys & Measurement Challenges

Political scientists frequently employ expert surveys to uncover the intrinsic traits of political entities. However, experts often disagree due to varying levels of information and analytical capability.

### Proposed Solutions for Better Assessment

This article addresses how to effectively handle this uncertainty:

* Assessing experts' predictive abilities (how well they judge latent positions)

* Developing robust methods to combine their diverse responses

### Case Study: EU Integration & Party Politics Survey

The authors analyze prominent expert survey data from the literature focusing on party politics and European Union integration. This real-world application highlights practical consequences of different aggregation approaches.

### Monte Carlo Simulation Findings

Using simulation, we show that:

* Aggregating responses using median or modal values outperforms mean averaging in most scenarios

These methods produce more accurate aggregated estimates despite expert disagreement.