🔍 Research Question

Existing research on women’s descriptive representation has mainly looked for positive effects—such as increases in political engagement or greater legitimacy for policy outcomes. Trends in representation, however, have rarely been treated as causes of resentment. While a male backlash to rising representation has been theorized, women may also become discontent if they perceive their representation as stagnating.

📊 A Survey Experiment in Germany

A survey experiment fielded in Germany examined voter reactions to perceived trajectories of women’s representation. The design tested how information about representation trends shapes attitudes and vote choices across genders.

📈 Key Findings

• When women perceived a stagnating trajectory of women’s representation, that perception mobilized them to vote for a progressive party—the German Greens.
• Men did not exhibit a backlash against increasing women’s representation, even when they recognized that such increases implied a lower standing for themselves.
• These patterns suggest that discontent with persisting inequality operates as a mobilizing force for progressive parties rather than provoking male backlash.

💡 Why It Matters

By shifting focus from static levels of representation to perceived trajectories, this work highlights a novel mechanism of political behavior: perception of stalled progress can drive women toward progressive options. The findings refine theories of gendered political reactions and contribute to understanding how responsiveness to inequality shapes party support.