🔎 What This Paper Asks

Why do age differences in voting appear strong in some countries but absent in others? The popular "youthquake" narrative treats youth voting as a broad, cross-national shift, yet age effects vary substantially across established democracies.

📊 How the Question Was Studied

• Three empirical studies using large comparative and national surveys.
• Comparative datasets: World Political Cleavages and Inequality Database and the European Election Study voter survey.
• Country-level surveys from Denmark and Great Britain to test patterns in specific national contexts.

🔑 Key Findings

• The structure of party competition and the policy positions of major parties explain cross-national variation in age voting gaps.
• When left parties adopt progressive positions on the sociocultural dimension, younger voters are disproportionately attracted to the left.
• When parties are not clearly aligned on the sociocultural dimension, there are no significant age differences in voting for the left.
• Overall, party positioning organizes age differences in voting; shifting social dynamics among cohorts are not required to account for the observed variation.

📣 Why It Matters

• Challenges the idea of a uniform, continent-wide "youthquake" by showing that generational voting divides depend on party stances.
• Suggests that party strategy and ideological alignment on sociocultural issues are central drivers of age-based electoral behavior, with implications for how parties and analysts interpret and respond to youth political engagement.