This study examines how party organizational characteristics influence representation in Europe.

## Data & Methods ##

Drawing on a comparative database and data from Comparative Studies of Electoral Systems, it analyzes the relationship between horizontal/vertical integration and congruence across multiple parties.

## Key Findings ##

Complex organizational structures with strong leadership reduce party representation:

* Leadership-dominated parties are less representative

* Complex structures (horizontal/vertical integration) hinder alignment with voter interests

### Why It Matters ###

These findings challenge assumptions that complex party organizations improve representation. They highlight how organizational complexity may actually undermine democratic accountability, particularly in Europe.