📌 Why This Question Matters

Legislators often balance district-focused versus national messaging, but less is known about how this balance plays out inside Congress itself. The focus here is on what drives legislators to emphasize local issues during the committee stage, a critical step in policymaking when audiences include both constituents and national actors.

📊 What Was Analyzed: House Hearing Transcripts (1999–2018)

• Source: U.S. House hearing transcripts spanning 1999–2018.
• Unit of analysis: statements by members during committee hearings, with attention to mentions of constituents and local communities.
• Variables considered: electoral competitiveness, district demographics, and legislator characteristics were incorporated to assess how they relate to local-oriented speech.
• Method: leveraging congressional speech through systematic text analysis of hearing transcripts to identify locally oriented statements.

🔎 Key Findings

• Women legislators use significantly more locally oriented statements than male counterparts during committee hearings.
• The gender gap in local-oriented speech is concentrated among Democrats.
• The same gendered difference is also observed on the House floor, pointing to a consistent pattern across institutional settings.
• The analysis explicitly evaluates how electoral competitiveness, district demographics, and legislator traits relate to local emphasis, with gender emerging as a robust correlate of locally oriented representation.

💡 Why It Matters

These results provide new evidence that the connection between gender and policy representation endures even when legislators are speaking in contexts where constituents are not the only intended audience. The findings speak to theories of descriptive and substantive representation and suggest gender shapes legislative communication across multiple institutional stages of lawmaking.