🔍 What Was Produced

Extends the scaling methodology previously used in Bonica (2014) to jointly scale the American federal judiciary and legal profession in a common space with other political actors. The end result is the first dataset of consistently measured ideological scores across all tiers of the federal judiciary and the legal profession, including 840 federal judges and 380,307 attorneys.

📐 How the Scaling Was Applied

Uses the scaling approach developed in Bonica (2014) to place judges and attorneys on the same ideological dimension as other political actors, enabling direct comparisons across groups.

📎 What the Dataset Contains

• Consistently measured ideological scores across all tiers of the federal judiciary and the legal profession
• Coverage: 840 federal judges
• Coverage: 380,307 attorneys
• Jointly scaled in a common space with other political actors

🔎 Illustrations Involving the Supreme Court

Presents two examples involving the U.S. Supreme Court that illustrate how the measures can be applied.

⚖️ Why It Matters

These data open up significant areas of scholarly inquiry by providing a consistent, cross-group measure of ideology for judges and the legal profession.