This study introduces motion detection as a behavioral, video-based measure of social polarization on the U.S. House floor and demonstrates its substantive political relevance.

🔎 What Was Measured and Why

Motion detection algorithms were used to quantify how often Members of Congress (MCs) literally cross the aisle. The goal is to translate observable floor movement into a behavioral indicator of social and partisan separation, expanding beyond static image analysis to dynamic video data.

🎥 How Video Was Used to Track Aisle-Crossing

• Motion detection was applied to House floor video to identify aisle-crossing events by individual MCs.
• The method is generalizable and can be applied to other political contexts such as protests, political speeches, campaign events, and oral arguments.

📊 Key Findings

• Members of both parties—Democrats and Republicans—are less willing to literally cross the aisle.
• Aisle-crossing behavior predicts future party voting, and this predictive relationship holds even when previous party voting is included as a control.

🔗 Broader Uses and Why It Matters

• Motion detection provides a new, behaviorally grounded way to study polarization and intergroup interaction in political settings.
• The study serves as a proof of concept and the starting point for a broader research agenda that leverages video data and motion analysis for questions across political behavior and institutional studies.