Sovereign creditworthiness depends on politics as well as economic fundamentals. Previous work links credit ratings and borrowing terms to factors like regime type, regional effects, and membership in international organizations — but these factors often change slowly and fail to capture more dynamic political drivers.

📌 Why Leader Tenure Might Matter

Longer time in power can reduce uncertainty about a country's fiscal and credit policies. Time in office allows leaders to shape expectations among both domestic supporters and market actors, making policy intentions clearer and more predictable. This mechanism predicts that sovereign creditworthiness should improve as a leader’s tenure increases.

📈 How Leader Effects Were Tested

• Two complementary empirical strategies were used to identify leader-tenure effects: panel data analysis that tracks variation across countries and time, and a natural experiment that isolates exogenous changes in leadership tenure.

🔑 Key Findings

• Leader tenure is positively associated with improved sovereign creditworthiness.
• Results are robust across both the panel analysis and the natural experiment, offering convergent evidence.
• The observed effect is consistent with the proposed mechanism: longer tenure reduces uncertainty by enabling leaders to manage expectations of domestic constituencies and financial market participants.

🌎 Why It Matters

These findings show that dynamic political characteristics — specifically how long leaders remain in power — matter for market perceptions of sovereign risk. Incorporating leader tenure into models of sovereign credit can sharpen understanding of political risk and improve forecasts of borrowing conditions.