Does the initiative process spur policy innovation? A new database tracks over 500 state policies, allowing a more systematic assessment.

Data & Methods: Event history analysis of pooled policy data from all US states.

Key Findings: Initiatives generally accelerate innovative policymaking but their impact is nullified by signature and distribution hurdles. Effectiveness also varies significantly across policy types.

Why It Matters? The study reveals that while direct democracy tools can enhance innovation, practical barriers may stifle this potential—especially in conservative states for non-ideological policies.