🔎 What the study asks

This article develops and tests a new framework—gendered political socialization—that explains how children form ideas about gender and politics and how those ideas produce sex differences in political interest and ambition.

🧾 Data: 1,604 children across four U.S. regions

• Data come from 1,604 children living in four different regions of the United States.
• Analyses track how perceptions and expectations change with age and how those changes relate to career interests and political ambition.

🔑 Key findings

• Children perceive politics as a male-dominated sphere.
• As children get older, girls increasingly view political leadership as a "man’s world."
• With age, children internalize gendered expectations that steer their interests toward professions that embody traits seen as appropriate for their sex.
• Because politics is perceived as mismatched with traits associated with women, girls report lower levels of political interest and lower political ambition than boys.

⭐ Why it matters

The gendered political socialization framework links early perceptions and age-related socialization processes to the emergence of a gender gap in political interest and ambition. These findings point to childhood social cues and developing occupational expectations as important contributors to underrepresentation of women in political leadership.