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WTO Rulings Balance Legal Rigor with Political Sensitivity through Strategic Language
Insights from the Field
WTO
National Treatment
Judicial Strategy
Compliance Legitimacy
International Relations
ISQ
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Words Matter: How WTO Rulings Handle Controversy was authored by Mark Busch and Krzysztof Pelc. It was published by Oxford in ISQ in 2014.

This study argues that international courts, like the WTO, strategically balance legal discipline and political constraints. Using text analysis of all WTO rulings since 1995, it finds that politically charged decisions—especially nonfiscal national treatment cases—are explained differently than less sensitive ones. Rulings on repeated issues progressively decrease affect as disputes unfold. The "this means that" style highlights how judges provide governments with discursive tools to persuade domestic audiences about compliance legitimacy.

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International Studies Quarterly
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