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New international agreements recycle boilerplate language for efficiency gains.
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Boilerplate Language
International Agreement
Efficiency Gain
Power Distribution
International Relations
ISQ
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Boilerplate in International Trade Agreements was authored by Claire Peacock, Karolina Milewicz and Duncan Snidal. It was published by Oxford in ISQ in 2019.

International agreements frequently reuse standardized text, or 'boilerplate,' alongside tailored provisions. This study examines the determinants of such practice using original data from 348 preferential trade agreements (PTAs) spanning 1989-2009. Through novel text analysis and Latent Order Logistic Graph technique approaches, we reveal that boilerplate is employed primarily for efficiency purposes rather than purely distributive concerns.

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International Studies Quarterly
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