This study investigates how militarized interstate disputes affect voting behavior by incumbents across different genders.

Context: Using a large-sample, quantitative approach to analyze data from fourteen countries, this research examines the effects of conflict on political support for sitting leaders.

Methods & Data: The analysis employs rigorous statistical techniques applied to survey and election data spanning several decades.

Key Findings: Incumbents experience varying impacts based on gender during international conflicts, with important implications for understanding how political representation affects public opinion in times of crisis.