Introduction

This study examines how anti-immigrant rhetoric used by elites affects immigrants' democratic participation. The paper explores the relationship between political discourse and voting behavior among immigrant populations.

Data & Methods

* Employed mixed methods approach combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews

* Analyzed rhetoric from various elite sources including politicians, media figures, and public officials

* Tracked changes in immigrants' self-reported political belonging across different contexts

Key Findings

* Contrary to expectations, explicit anti-immigrant elite rhetoric does not uniformly decrease immigrants' political engagement

* Immigrants often adapt by increasing participation through alternative channels like community organizing or third-party affiliations

* The relationship is complex and depends significantly on the specific framing of the rhetoric and available institutional pathways

Why It Matters

Understanding this nuanced dynamic helps explain persistent immigrant political incorporation despite hostile discourses. The findings suggest that democratic resilience may stem from immigrants' ability to navigate exclusionary narratives through strategic adaptation, reinforcing the importance of multilevel representation in pluralistic democracies.