Online surveys increasingly shape political discourse. But do sponsors influence how people answer? This article examines sponsorship effects in survey responses.

Data & Methods: The study uses data from experiments conducted on US university students and professional pollsters.

* It compares responses when sponsored by partisans versus non-partisan entities.

* Measures include response time, question skipping rates, and stated opinions.

Key Findings: Results show subtle but significant differences in answers based on sponsor identity.

* Participants respond slightly more favorably to partisan sponsors across all political topics.

* This effect is most pronounced among politically engaged university students.

* No major shifts occur for highly sensitive or controversial subjects.

Why It Matters: These findings raise crucial questions about survey neutrality and measurement accuracy.

* They challenge the common assumption that survey responses reflect true public opinion.

* Political scientists must now consider sponsor effects when designing experiments and interpreting data.