This paper examines candidate selection in Japan.

District Type Differences?

The study investigates how parties select candidates under open versus restricted eligibility criteria (CEC), and why they use each system where it goes. Data comes from surveys of MPs and observational studies of Japanese electoral politics.

Behavioral Findings:

Entrepreneurial candidates, often drawn by less restrictive rules in competitive districts, are shown to be more responsive locally but less active in the legislature compared to traditionalists. Their lack of political experience leads them to be sidelined by experienced colleagues despite legislative activity being measured differently.

Wider Significance:

The results demonstrate that candidate selection systems significantly shape MP behavior depending on district competition, offering new insights into political representation and party strategy.