Introduction

Does factual historical knowledge shape national identity, or does national identity color how citizens view their country's history? This study explores these questions using original survey experiment data from China.

Data & Methods

We analyzed responses from a nationally representative survey of Chinese citizens. By creating and testing brief interventions designed to correct misperceptions about historical achievements, we assessed the relationship between historical knowledge and national identity.

Key Findings

Our results show two clear patterns:

* Most Chinese citizens overestimate rather than underestimate their country's historical accomplishments.

* Individuals with higher objective historical awareness also tend to have stronger national identity.

Interestingly, those whose misperceptions were corrected demonstrated potential shifts in national identification, although these effects did not reach statistical significance. This suggests limitations in our brief intervention method and points to the need for more comprehensive research designs when examining the relationship between historical narratives and identity formation.

Why It Matters

These findings illuminate subtle connections between propaganda, educational history curricula, and national identity construction in contemporary China.