The American National Election Studies (ANES) 2012 and Cooperative Congressional Election Studies (CCES) 2018 surveys reveal a counterintuitive pattern: ✦✦ Non-Hispanic whites who support the DREAM Act often also favor harsh immigration policies.

✦✦ This dual stance appears driven by underlying predispositions, specifically racial resentment and egalitarianism, despite conflicting policy implications.

✦✦ These attitudes are influenced differently based on partisan alignment—racial resentment affects liberals more than conservatives in justifying both positions.