When deliberating cases, the U.S. Supreme Court often reshapes issues by answering unraised questions or ignoring presented ones.

This paper analyzes data from the 1988 term to examine judicial issue fluidity: do justices 'discover' new legal problems?

Key Findings:

• Roughly half of plenary agenda cases experienced some form of issue transformation
• Issue discovery (creating new questions) differs substantially from issue suppression (ignoring existing ones)

Methods & Significance:

Using empirical analysis, we develop models showing how these seemingly contradictory behaviors coexist.

These findings suggest distinct operational mechanisms for each type of fluidity—issue discovery emerges differently than issue suppression.

This nuanced understanding helps explain U.S. Supreme Court decision-making patterns.