This article explores how geography shapes electoral outcomes in multi-party systems. By analyzing Great Britain elections, it demonstrates that territorial concentration significantly influences a party's seat gains or losses.

• Empirical analysis of British elections reveals majoritarian biases tied to geographic distribution • The transformation of the Liberal Party illustrates how territory matters for political fortunes • Key findings show both small and large parties face electoral disadvantages due to their geographic patterns • Implications suggest this model can improve understanding across multiparty democracies worldwide