Recent court decisions have allowed new types of interest groups to participate more actively in election campaigns. This raises questions about how their involvement affects campaign issue discussions and the accountability of politicians.

### Issue Debates & Accountability

Interest group sponsorship of advertising could potentially alter candidates' agendas, but this study shows it may not always diverge from official issues being debated.

### Conceptual Framework

The research introduces a new framework to explain variations in interest group advertising strategies. It categorizes groups as either "divergent," aligning with the idea of loose cannons, or "convergent," representing loyal foot soldiers matching candidate debates.

### Key Findings by Group Type

* Multi-issue groups are more likely than single-focus advocates to be convergent (matching candidates' agendas).

* Republican interest groups and their advertising campaigns align closely with candidates' issue discussions.

The findings suggest politicians have less reason to worry about "hijacking" of campaign agendas.