### Global Economy & Labor Standards Diffusion

How does international trade influence labor standards? The global economy can spread labor practices when firms engage internationally. This study focuses on Vietnam and examines how multinational corporations affect local businesses.

### Cross-Market Markup Differences Matter

Firms are more likely to upgrade labor conditions if their products have significant markup variations across markets. These differences make overseas investments profitable, creating a strong incentive for improvement.

### Lead Firm Salience Influences Standards

When lead firms prioritize high labor standards (salience), they drive better practices throughout the industry chain.

### Survey Experiment in Vietnam Confirms

Our research tested these ideas directly by querying foreign companies operating in Vietnam. Results show clear evidence that cross-market markup differences significantly impact upgrading decisions, while salience appears to be a secondary but still influential factor.