New research reveals how national elections impact international cooperation.

Context: The study analyzes decision-making dynamics within the European Union, specifically examining the effects of pending elections.

Method & Findings: Using quantitative analysis and case studies,

* Elections significantly reduce agreement chances between nations.

* This reduction is most pronounced in close, uncertain contests.

* Larger member states exert a stronger influence during their electoral periods.

Implications: The findings suggest political uncertainty creates friction in international negotiations. They challenge traditional understandings of the 'two-level game' framework and highlight legislative bargaining complexities within institutions like the EU.