Does geographical variation in tolerance towards specific ethnic groups reflect an underlying cultural trait? This study uses English data to test if anti-immigrant sentiment today correlates with medieval immigrant settlement patterns, despite modern immigration being different. It finds that the geographic persistence of attitudes is driven by a deep-rooted cultural characteristic rather than contemporary diversity.

## Data & Methods

Examining historical and current data across England reveals striking parallels in regional tolerance levels. The analysis tracks medieval migration trends alongside twenty-first-century public opinion surveys, accounting for demographic shifts over time.

Key Finding:

The study discovers a strong correlation between areas with high medieval English settlement rates and regions displaying lower tolerance today, despite vastly different modern immigration compositions.

### Why It Matters:

This finding suggests long-term cultural influences on attitudes toward diversity. The persistence indicates that certain historical experiences may have shaped enduring societal preferences regarding immigrant integration.